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Eczema (eg-zuh-MUH), also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic and common skin condition that affects people of all ages, from infants to adults. Characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin, eczema can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Eczema is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare sometimes. It can be irritating but it's not contagious.
The majority of people can control their symptoms by seeking medical attention and staying away from irritants, which are substances that can harm your skin when they come into touch with you. The most common symptom of eczema is extreme itching, which only gets worse when scratched. In this blog, we will delve into the details of eczema, exploring its causes, symptoms, and effective management strategies to provide a comprehensive understanding of this skin condition.
What Causes Eczema:
Genetic Predisposition:
Eczema has a strong genetic component, and a family history of atopic conditions like asthma, hay fever, or eczema increases the risk. According to a study conducted by the National Skin Center in Singapore, individuals with a family history of eczema have a higher likelihood of developing the condition due to specific genetic factors related to skin barrier function and immune response
Abnormal Immune Response:
People with eczema experience an abnormal immune response to various triggers, leading to skin inflammation and irritation. This immune system dysfunction makes the skin overly sensitive, reacting to otherwise harmless substances, including allergens and irritants.
Environmental Factors:
Certain environmental factors can exacerbate eczema symptoms or trigger flare-ups in Asian individuals. These triggers may include common allergens like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and exposure to irritants such as soaps, detergents, and perfumes, as highlighted by the Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) written by the Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Dry Skin:
A weakened skin barrier that fails to retain moisture effectively can contribute to eczema. When the skin becomes dry, it becomes more susceptible to irritants and allergens, triggering eczema symptoms.
Common Symptoms of Eczema:
Intense Itching
One of the hallmark symptoms of eczema is intense itching, which can be relentless and lead to scratching. However, scratching only worsens the condition, causing the skin to become inflamed and increasing the risk of infection.
Red, Inflamed Patches:
Eczema typically presents as red, inflamed patches of skin. These patches may become dry, rough, and may develop small, fluid-filled blisters in some cases. Early recognition of these symptoms to manage eczema effectively should be emphasized.
Dry and Sensitive Skin:
The affected areas often have dry and sensitive skin, making them more susceptible to environmental irritants.
Scaling and Crusting:
As the eczema patches progress, they may develop scaling and crusting, especially if the child continually scratches the affected areas.
Disrupted Sleep:
The relentless itching and discomfort caused by eczema can interfere with a child's sleep, leading to fatigue and irritability during the day.
Effective Management of Eczema:
- When you have dry skin, use light or sensitive skin moisturisers all day long such as our Goat Milk Body Wash.
- When your skin is still damp from a bath or shower, moisturise it.
- As directed by your doctor, apply topical drugs to your skin, such as topical steroids.
- To lessen itching and swelling, take oral treatments such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, or corticosteroids.
- Immunosuppressive medications aid in controlling how your immune system works.
- Light therapy to clear up blemishes and enhance the appearance of your skin.
- Avoid anything that can cause eczema triggers to flare up.
Parental Support and Coping Tips:
Empathy and Understanding:
Parents must provide emotional support and empathy to children with eczema. Understanding their struggles and validating their feelings can help them cope better with the challenges of managing the condition.
Education:
Families should educate individuals with eczema about their condition in a relatable and culturally sensitive manner. Explaining what eczema is, why it occurs, and how to manage it effectively can empower individuals to take control of their skin health.
Encourage Healthy Habits:
Promote healthy habits like proper skincare, drinking plenty of water, and following a balanced diet to support overall well-being.
Create a Comfortable Environment:
Ensure that the child's living environment is free from triggers like allergens and irritants. Maintain a clean and dust-free living space.
Involvement in Treatment:
Involve children in their treatment plan and encourage them to take an active role in managing their eczema. This involvement can instill a sense of responsibility and empowerment.
Summary
Eczema is a chronic skin condition that requires ongoing management. With proper understanding, identification of triggers, and effective treatment strategies, individuals with eczema can experience relief from symptoms and enjoy an improved quality of life. Moreover, with parental support, children with eczema can cope better with the challenges of the condition and develop a positive outlook towards their skin health.